nikkel — Ni
Het chemische element nikkel is een element van het type Metaalactiniden met symbool Ni. Het heeft een atoommassa van 58.6934 u en een elektronenconfiguratie [Ar] 3d8 4s2.
Synthétique
Radioactif
Liquide
Gaz
1453°
2732°
2732°
58.6934
28
-1
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Ni
2
8
16
2
8
16
2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
1.91
7.6398
Diagram van elektronenconfiguratie
kenmerken
- Atoomnummer
- 28
- Atoommassa
- 58.6934
- Symbool
- Ni
- Smeltpunt
- 1453
- Kookpunt
- 2732
- Dichtheid
- 8.912
- Periode
- 4
- Groep
- 10
- Ontdekking
- 1751 Cronstedt
- Overvloed
- 84
- Straal
- 1.6
- Elektronegativiteit
- 1.91
- Ionisatie
- 7.6398
- Isotoop
- 11
- Elektronenconfiguratie
- [Ar] 3d8 4s2
- Oxidatietoestand
- -1,1,2,3,4
- Elektron
- 2,8,16,2
Nikkel is een metaalachtig chemisch element met het symbool Ni en het atoomnummer 28. Het wordt gevonden in groep 10 van de overgangsmetalen op het periodiek systeem der elementen. Het is het vijfde meest voorkomende element in de aardkorst. nikkel is een zilverwit metaal met een kubusvormige kristalstructuur. Het is zacht en ductiel bij kamertemperatuur en zeer ductiel als het warm is. Het kan worden geponst, uitgerekt en gevormd tot specifieke vormen.
nikkel heeft een hardheid van 5 tot 6 op de schaal van Mohs en een smeltpunt van 1453°C. Het is een magnetisch metaal. nikkel combineert gemakkelijk met andere elementen en vormt legeringen, met name roestvrij staal en aluminiumlegeringen, evenals legeringen die kobalt en chroom bevatten.
nikkel wordt in veel industriële toepassingen gebruikt, waaronder mechanica, elektronica en metallurgie. Het wordt vaak gebruikt om metalen te galvaniseren en corrosie te voorkomen. Het wordt ook veel gebruikt in de auto-, luchtvaart- en staalindustrie en wordt gebruikt in auto-onderdelen, gasturbines en vliegtuigmotoren. nikkel wordt ook gebruikt in producten zoals keukengereedschap en ovens, en in de sieradenindustrie.
Mineralen die nikkel bevatten
| voornaam | Hardheid | Dichtheid | Chemische formule |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abelsonite | — | 1.45 | NiC31H32N4 |
| Aerugite | — | 5.85 | Ni8.5(AsO4)2As5+O8 |
| Ahlfeldite | — | 3.37 | NiSeO3·2H2O |
| Akaganeite | — | 3.00 | (Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25·nH2O |
| Allabogdanite | — | 7.11 | (Fe,Ni)2P |
| Alvanite | — | 2.41 | (Zn,Ni)Al4(VO3)2(OH)12·2H2O |
| Andreyivanovite | — | 0.00 | FeCrP |
| Ankinovichite | — | 2.48 | NiAl4(V5+O3)2(OH)12·2H2O |
| Annabergite | — | 3.00 | Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O |
| Antitaenite | — | 0.00 | (Ni,Fe) |
| Aplowite | — | 2.33 | CoSO4·4H2O |
| Argentopentlandite | — | 4.00 | Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| Arhbarite | — | 0.00 | Cu2MgAsO4(OH)3 |
| Arsenohauchecornite | — | 6.35 | Ni18Bi3AsS16 |
| Arupite | — | 2.00 | Ni3(PO4)2·8H2O |
| Asbolane | — | 0.00 | Mn4+(O,OH)2·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)x(OH)2x·nH2O |
| Awaruite | — | 8.00 | Ni3Fe |
| Barringerite | — | 6.92 | (Fe,Ni)2P |
| Bismutohauchecornite | — | 6.00 | Ni9Bi2S8 |
| Bonaccordite | — | 5.17 | Ni2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| Bottinoite | — | 2.83 | Ni2+Sb5+2(OH)12·6H2O |
| Bouazzerite | — | 2.81 | Bi6(Mg,Co)11Fe14(AsO4)18O12(OH)4·86H2O |
| Braggite | — | 10.00 | PtS |
| Breithauptite | — | 8.23 | NiSb |
| Brindleyite | — | 3.17 | (Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| Bunsenite | — | 6.40 | NiO |
| Burgessite | — | 2.93 | Co2(H2O)4(AsO3OH)2·H2O |
| Butianite | — | 0.00 | Ni6SnS2 |
| Campo del cielo | — | 7.80 | FeNi |
| Carrboydite | — | 2.50 | (Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x<0.5, n>3x/2) |
| Carrollite | — | 4.50 | CuCo2S4 |
| Cassidyite | — | 3.10 | Ca2Ni(PO4)2·2H2O |
| Chukanovite | — | 3.60 | Fe2CO3(OH)2 |
| Clinosafflorite | — | 7.46 | CoAs2 |
| Cobaltlotharmeyerite | — | 0.00 | CaCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Cobaltneustädtelite | — | 5.81 | Bi2Fe3+(Co,Fe3+)(AsO4)2(O,OH)4 |
| Cobalttsumcorite | — | 5.31 | PbCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Cochromite | — | 5.22 | CoCr2O4 |
| Cohenite | — | 7.20 | Fe3C |
| Comblainite | — | 3.05 | Ni4Co3+2CO3(OH)12·3H2O |
| Cooperite | — | 9.50 | PtS |
| Decagonite | — | 0.00 | Al71Ni24Fe5 |
| Dienerite | — | 0.00 | Ni3As |
| Dissakisite-(La) | — | 3.79 | CaLaMgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Djerfisherite | — | 3.00 | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
| Donharrisite | — | 5.00 | Ni8Hg3S9 |
| Droninoite | — | 2.86 | Ni3Fe3+Cl(OH)8·2H2O |
| Dwornikite | — | 3.34 | NiSO4·H2O |
| Dymkovite | — | 0.00 | Ni(UO2)2(As3+O3)2·7H2O |
| Ernienickelite | — | 3.84 | NiMn4+3O7·3H2O |
| Falcondoite | — | 2.54 | Ni4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O |
| Ferhodsite | — | 0.00 | (Fe,Rh,Ni,Ir,Cu,Pt)9S8 |
| Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | — | 0.00 | (Fe,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe)8O15(OH) |
| Ferronickelplatinum | — | 15.39 | Pt2FeNi |
| Ferroskutterudite | — | 0.00 | FeAs3 |
| Fletcherite | — | 4.00 | CuNi2S4 |
| Florenskyite | — | 0.00 | FeTiP |
| Garnièrite | — | 2.60 | (Ni, Mg)3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Garutiite | — | 11.33 | (Ni,Fe,Ir) |
| Gaspéite | — | 3.71 | NiCO3 |
| Gersdorffite-P213 | — | 0.00 | NiAsS |
| Gersdorffite-Pa3 | — | 5.98 | NiAsS |
| Gersdorffite-Pca21 | — | 6.19 | NiAsS |
| Gillardite | — | 0.00 | Cu3NiCl2(OH)6 |
| Glaukosphaerite | — | 3.78 | CuNiCO3(OH)2 |
| Godlevskite | — | 5.27 | (Ni,Fe)9S8 |
| Goldquarryite | — | 2.78 | CuCd2Al3(PO4)4F3·10H2O |
| Guarinoite | — | 2.80 | Zn6SO4(OH)10·5H2O |
| Haapalaite | — | 3.58 | 2[(Fe,Ni)S]·1.61[(Mg,Fe)(OH)2] |
| Halamishite | — | 0.00 | Ni5P4 |
| Hapkeite | — | 0.00 | Fe2Si |
| Hauchecornite | — | 6.36 | Ni9BiSbS8 |
| Haxonite | — | 7.70 | (Fe,Ni)23C6 |
| Heazlewoodite | — | 5.82 | Ni3S2 |
| Hellyerite | — | 1.97 | NiCO3·6H2O |
| Hexamolybdenum | — | 11.90 | (Mo,Ru,Fe,Ir,Os) |
| Hexatestibiopanickelite | — | 8.94 | (Ni,Pd)(Te,Sb) |
| Hloušekite | — | 3.30 | (Ni,Co)Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·9H2O |
| Honessite | — | 0.00 | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2) |
| Honzaite | — | 0.00 | Ni2(AsO3OH)2·5H2O |
| Horomanite | — | 6.44 | Fe6Ni3S8 |
| Hydrohonessite | — | 2.64 | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2) |
| Hydrombobomkulite | — | 0.00 | (Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3)2(SO4)(OH)12·14H2O |
| Jamborite | — | 2.67 | Ni2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(SO4)x·nH2O where [x=1/3; n=(1-x)] |
| Jolliffeite | — | 7.10 | NiAsSe |
| Kambaldaite | — | 3.18 | NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3·3H2O |
| Karpinskite | — | 2.53 | (Mg,Ni)2Si2O5(OH)2(?) |
| Keystoneite | — | 4.40 | H0.8Mg0.8(Ni,Fe3+,Mn)2(Te4+O3)3·5H2O |
| Kharaelakhite | — | 7.78 | (Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)9S8 |
| Kitkaite | — | 7.19 | NiTeSe |
| Kolovratite | — | 0.00 | (Ni,Zn)xVO4·nH2O |
| Krutovite | — | 7.00 | NiAs2 |
| Kullerudite | — | 6.72 | NiSe2 |
| Kurumsakite | — | 4.03 | Zn8Al8V5+2Si5O35·27H2O |
| Langisite | — | 8.17 | CoAs |
| Lapieite | — | 4.97 | CuNiSbS3 |
| Lawrencite | — | 3.16 | FeCl2 |
| Liebenbergite | — | 4.60 | Ni2SiO4 |
| Mackinawite | — | 4.00 | (Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07) |
| Majakite | — | 9.33 | PdNiAs |
| Mäkinenite | — | 7.00 | NiSe |
| Maucherite | — | 7.83 | Ni11As8 |
| Mbobomkulite | — | 2.30 | (Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3,SO4)2(OH)12·3H2O |
| Melliniite | — | 7.88 | (Ni,Fe)4P |
| Melonite | — | 7.30 | NiTe2 |
| Menshikovite | — | 10.65 | Pd3Ni2As3 |
| Metarauchite | — | 3.81 | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O |
| Millerite | — | 5.50 | NiS |
| Monipite | — | 0.00 | MoNiP |
| Moorhouseite | — | 1.97 | CoSO4·6H2O |
| Morenosite | — | 2.00 | NiSO4·7H2O |
| Mountkeithite | — | 2.12 | Mg11Fe3+3(SO4)3.5(OH)24·11H2O |
| Mückeite | — | 5.88 | CuNiBiS3 |
| Nakauriite | — | 2.39 | Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2O |
| Negevite | — | 0.00 | NiP2 |
| Népouite | — | 2.50 | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Nichromite | — | 5.24 | NiCr2O4 |
| Nickel | — | 7.80 | Ni |
| Nickelalumite | — | 2.24 | (Ni,Cu2+)Al4(SO4,NO3)(OH)12·3H2O |
| Nickelaustinite | — | 4.30 | CaNiAsO4(OH) |
| Nickelbischofite | — | 1.93 | NiCl2·6H2O |
| Nickelblödite | — | 2.43 | Na2Ni(SO4)2·4H2O |
| Nickelboussingaultite | — | 0.00 | (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O |
| Nickelhexahydrite | — | 2.07 | NiSO4·6H2O |
| Nickeline | — | 7.78 | NiAs |
| Nickellotharmeyerite | — | 4.45 | CaNi2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Nickelphosphide | — | 0.00 | Ni3P |
| Nickelpicromerite | — | 2.22 | K2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O |
| Nickelschneebergite | — | 5.23 | BiNi2(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O |
| Nickelskutterudite | — | 6.50 | NiAs3-x |
| Nickeltalmessite | — | 3.74 | Ca2Ni(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Nickeltsumcorite | — | 5.02 | Pb(Ni,Fe3+)2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2 |
| Nickelzippeite | — | 4.30 | Ni2(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10·16H2O |
| Nimite | — | 3.19 | (Ni,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Nisbite | — | 8.00 | NiSb2 |
| Nisnite | — | 9.41 | Ni3Sn |
| Nullaginite | — | 3.56 | Ni2CO3(OH)2 |
| Nuwaite | — | 0.00 | Ni6GeS2 |
| Nybøite | — | 3.12 | NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Omsite | — | 3.38 | (Ni,Cu)2Fe3+(OH)6[Sb(OH)6] |
| Orcelite | — | 7.50 | Ni5-xAs2 (x=0.23) |
| Oregonite | — | 6.92 | FeNi2As2 |
| Otwayite | — | 3.41 | Ni2CO3(OH)2·H2O |
| Owensite | — | 4.78 | (Ba,Pb)6(Cu1+,Fe,Ni)25S27 |
| Paganoite | — | 0.00 | NiBi3+OAsO4 |
| Pakhomovskyite | — | 2.71 | Co3(PO4)2·8H2O |
| Paraotwayite | — | 3.30 | Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x |
| Pararammelsbergite | — | 7.20 | NiAs2 |
| Paratacamite-(Ni) | — | 3.74 | Cu3(Ni,Cu)Cl2(OH)6 |
| Parkerite | — | 8.50 | Ni3(Bi,Pb)2S2 |
| Pecoraite | — | 3.84 | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Penroseite | — | 6.58 | NiSe2 |
| Pentlandite | — | 4.60 | (Ni,Fe)9S8 |
| Perryite | — | 7.00 | (Ni,Fe)8(Si,P)3 |
| Petewilliamsite | — | 4.90 | (Ni,Co)30(As2O7)15 |
| Polydymite | — | 4.50 | Ni3S4 |
| Rammelsbergite | — | 7.10 | NiAs2 |
| Rappoldite | — | 0.00 | PbCo2(AsO4)2·2H2O |
| Rauchite | — | 3.43 | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O |
| Redingtonite | — | 1.76 | Fe2+Cr2(SO4)4·22H2O |
| Reevesite | — | 2.80 | Ni6Fe3+2CO3(OH)16·4H2O |
| Retgersite | — | 2.07 | NiSO4·6H2O |
| Roaldite | — | 7.21 | (Fe,Ni)4N |
| Ruthenarsenite | — | 10.00 | (Ru,Ni)As |
| Samaniite | — | 4.89 | Cu2Fe5Ni2S8 |
| Scheuchzerite | — | 3.47 | NaMn2+9Si9V5+O28(OH)4 |
| Schneebergite | — | 5.28 | BiCo2(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O |
| Schreibersite | — | 7.00 | (Fe,Ni,Cr)3P |
| Sederholmite | — | 7.00 | NiSe |
| Seinäjokite | — | 0.00 | FeSb2 |
| Shandite | — | 8.72 | Pb2Ni3S2 |
| Siegenite | — | 4.50 | CoNi2S4 |
| Skutterudite | — | 6.50 | (Co,Ni,Fe)As3 |
| Smythite | — | 4.32 | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x = 0 to 0.3) |
| Sudburyite | — | 9.00 | PdSb |
| Suessite | — | 7.08 | Fe3Si |
| Sugakiite | — | 0.00 | Cu(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| Szymanskiite | — | 4.00 | Hg16Ni6(CO3)12(OH)12(H3O)8·3H2O |
| Taenite | — | 7.80 | (Ni,Fe) |
| Takovite | — | 2.80 | Ni6Al2CO3(OH)16·4H2O |
| Talnakhite | — | 4.29 | Cu9Fe8S16 |
| Tellurohauchecornite | — | 6.00 | Ni9BiTeS8 |
| Tetrataenite | — | 8.28 | FeNi |
| Thalfenisite | — | 5.26 | Tl6(Fe,Ni)25S26Cl |
| Theophrastite | — | 4.00 | Ni(OH)2 |
| Thérèsemagnanite | — | 2.52 | NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O |
| Transjordanite | — | 0.00 | Ni2P |
| Trevorite | — | 5.17 | NiFe3+2O4 |
| Trüstedtite | — | 6.00 | Ni3Se4 |
| Tucekite | — | 6.00 | Ni9Sb2S8 |
| Tyrrellite | — | 6.00 | (Co,Cu,Ni)3Se4 |
| Ullmannite | — | 6.65 | NiSbS |
| Vaesite | — | 4.45 | NiS2 |
| Vavrínite | — | 7.79 | Ni2SbTe2 |
| Villamanínite | — | 4.52 | CuS2 |
| Violarite | — | 4.50 | Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
| Vozhminite | — | 6.20 | Ni4AsS2 |
| Vysotskite | — | 6.69 | (Pd,Ni)S |
| Westerveldite | — | 8.00 | FeAs |
| Widgiemoolthalite | — | 3.13 | Ni5(CO3)4(OH)2·4-5H2O |
| Wilkmanite | — | 6.00 | Ni3Se4 |
| Willemseite | — | 3.31 | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Willyamite | — | 6.76 | CoSbS |
| Wupatkiite | — | 1.87 | CoAl2(SO4)4·22H2O |
| Xanthiosite | — | 5.37 | Ni3(AsO4)2 |
| Yarlongite | — | 7.19 | Cr4Fe4NiC4 |
| Zaccariniite | — | 0.00 | RhNiAs |
| Zaratite | — | 2.60 | Ni3CO3(OH)4·4H2O |
| Zlatogorite | — | 8.21 | CuNiSb2 |