lithium — Li
Het chemische element lithium is een element van het type Alkalimetaal met symbool Li. Het heeft een atoommassa van 6.942 u en een elektronenconfiguratie [He] 2s1.
Synthétique
Radioactif
Liquide
Gaz
180.5°
1317°
1317°
6.942
3
1
Li
2
1
1
[He] 2s1
0.98
5.3917
Diagram van elektronenconfiguratie
kenmerken
- Atoomnummer
- 3
- Atoommassa
- 6.942
- Symbool
- Li
- Smeltpunt
- 180.5
- Kookpunt
- 1317
- Dichtheid
- 0.534
- Periode
- 2
- Groep
- 1
- Ontdekking
- 1817 Arfvedson
- Overvloed
- 20
- Straal
- 2.1
- Elektronegativiteit
- 0.98
- Ionisatie
- 5.3917
- Isotoop
- 5
- Elektronenconfiguratie
- [He] 2s1
- Oxidatietoestand
- 1
- Elektron
- 2,1
Lithium is een metaalachtig chemisch element van de alkalifamilie. Het is het derde lichtste en meest voorkomende element in het universum na waterstof en helium. Het symbool is Li en het atoomnummer is 3.
lithium is een zacht, zilvergrijs metaal met een lage dichtheid en zeer reactief. Het heeft een relatief laag smeltpunt (180,54°C) en een hoog kookpunt (1342°C). Het is oplosbaar in water en kan oplossingen van zuren en zouten vormen.
lithium is zeer reactief en kan gemakkelijk reageren met zuurstof en vocht in de lucht. Het heeft een hoge elektrochemische capaciteit en wordt gebruikt om oplaadbare batterijen en accu's te maken. Het is ook een uitstekende thermische en elektrische isolator.
lithium wordt veel gebruikt in de auto-industrie om batterijen en accu's te maken. Het wordt ook gebruikt in de luchtvaartindustrie, maar ook bij de vervaardiging van metalen producten, glas en keramiek. Bovendien wordt het gebruikt in medicijnen voor de behandeling van bipolaire stoornis en schizofrenie.
Mineralen die lithium bevatten
| voornaam | Hardheid | Dichtheid | Chemische formule |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aleksandrovite | — | 3.07 | KLi3Ca7Sn2(SiO3)12F2 |
| Alumino-ottoliniite | — | 0.00 | NaLi(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Amblygonite | — | 2.98 | LiAlPO4F |
| Arrojadite-(KNa) | — | 0.00 | KNa3(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| Arrojadite-(SrFe) | — | 0.00 | SrFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| Balestraite | — | 2.95 | KLi2V5+Si4O12 |
| Balipholite | — | 3.33 | LiBaMg2Al3(Si2O6)2(OH)8 |
| Baratovite | — | 2.92 | KLi3Ca7Ti2(SiO3)12F2 |
| Berezanskite | — | 2.66 | KTi2(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Bertossaite | — | 3.10 | Li2CaAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| Bikitaite | — | 2.28 | LiAlSi2O6·H2O |
| Bityite | — | 3.00 | CaLiAl2(Si2BeAl)O10(OH)2 |
| Borocookeite | — | 2.62 | LiAl4(Si3B)O10(OH)8 |
| Brannockite | — | 2.98 | KSn2(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Bulgakite | — | 0.00 | Li2(Ca,Na)Fe2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4(F,O)(H2O)2 |
| Ciprianiite | — | 0.00 | Ca4(Th,REE)2Al(B4Si4O22)(OH)2 |
| Clino-ferri-holmquistite | — | 3.25 | Li2(Mg3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite | — | 3.24 | Li2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Clinoferroholmquistite | — | 0.00 | Li2[Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22(OH,F)2 |
| Colquiriite | — | 2.94 | CaLiAlF6 |
| Cookeite | — | 2.67 | (Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Cryolithionite | — | 2.78 | Na3Al2(LiF4)3 |
| Darapiosite | — | 2.92 | KNa2Mn2(Li2ZnSi12)O30 |
| Darrellhenryite | — | 3.04 | NaLiAl2Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)3O |
| Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | — | 3.42 | K(NaMn)CaNa3AlMn13(PO4)12(OH)2 |
| Diomignite | — | 0.00 | Li2B4O7 |
| Dusmatovite | — | 2.96 | KK2Mn2(Zn2LiSi12)O30 |
| Elbaite | — | 2.90 | Na(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH |
| Eliseevite | — | 2.71 | Na1.5Li[Ti2O2(Si4O10.5(OH)1.5)]·2H2O |
| Emeleusite | — | 2.76 | Na2LiFe3+Si6O15 |
| Ephesite | — | 2.98 | NaLiAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2 |
| Eucryptite | — | 2.67 | LiAlSiO4 |
| Faizievite | — | 2.82 | Li6K2Na(Ca6Na)Ti4(Si6O18)2(Si12O30)F2 |
| Ferri-fluoro-leakeite | — | 0.00 | NaNa2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22F2 |
| Ferri-leakeite | — | 3.11 | NaNa2(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ferri-ottoliniite | — | 0.00 | NaLi(Fe3+2Mg3)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ferri-pedrizite | — | 3.19 | NaLi2[Fe3+2Mg2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ferrisicklerite | — | 3.41 | Li1-x(Fe3+,Mn2+)PO4 |
| Ferriwhittakerite | — | 0.00 | Na(NaLi)(Mg2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ferro-ferri-fluoro-leakeite | — | 0.00 | NaNa2(Fe2+2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22F2 |
| Ferro-ferri-pedrizite | — | 3.23 | NaLi2(LiFe2+2Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ferro-fluoro-pedrizite | — | 3.12 | NaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22F2 |
| Ferro-holmquistite | — | 3.15 | Li2(Fe2+3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ferro-pedrizite | — | 3.14 | NaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ferroleakeite | — | 0.00 | NaNa2(Fe2+2Fe3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ferropedrizite | — | 0.00 | Li3(LiFe2+2Fe3+Al)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fluor-elbaite | — | 0.00 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Fluor-liddicoatite | — | 3.05 | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Fluorannite | — | 3.15 | KFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| Fluoro-leakeite | — | 3.14 | NaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)Si8O22F2 |
| Fluoro-pedrizite | — | 0.00 | NaLi2(Mg2Al2Li)Si8O22F2 |
| Fluorophlogopite | — | 2.83 | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| Footemineite | — | 2.87 | Ca2Mn2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4·6H2O |
| Gainesite | — | 2.94 | Na2(Be,Li)Zr2(PO4)4·1.5H2O |
| Griceite | — | 2.62 | LiF |
| Griphite | — | 3.40 | Ca(Mn2+,Na,Li)6Fe2+Al2(PO4)6(F,OH)2 |
| Hectorite | — | 2.00 | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(F,OH)2·nH2O |
| Hellandite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | (Ca,REE)4Ce2Al(Be,Li)2-xB4Si4O22(OH)2 |
| Hellandite-(Y) | — | 3.70 | (Ca,REE)4Y2Al(Be,Li)2-xB4Si4O22(OH)2 |
| Holmquistite | — | 3.06 | Li2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Hsianghualite | — | 2.97 | Li2Ca3Be3(SiO4)3F2 |
| Jadarite | — | 2.45 | LiNaB3SiO7(OH) |
| Jarlite | — | 3.87 | Na2(Sr,Na)14Mg2Al12F64(OH,H2O)4 |
| Katayamalite | — | 2.91 | KLi3Ca7Ti2(SiO3)12(OH)2 |
| Kornerupine | — | 3.30 | (Mg,Fe2+,Al)10(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH,F) |
| Kunzite | — | — | — |
| Kupletskite-(Cs) | — | 3.68 | Cs2NaMn2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F |
| Lavinskyite | — | 0.00 | K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 |
| Lepidolite | — | 2.80 | K(Li,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(F,OH)2 |
| Liberite | — | 2.69 | Li2BeSiO4 |
| Liguriaite | — | 0.00 | K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 |
| Lintisite | — | 2.77 | Na3LiTi2O2(SiO3)4·2H2O |
| Lithiomarsturite | — | 3.32 | LiCa2Mn2+2Si5O14(OH) |
| Lithiophilite | — | 3.34 | LiMn2+PO4 |
| Lithiophorite | — | 3.14 | (Al,Li)Mn4+O2(OH)2 |
| Lithiophosphate | — | 2.48 | Li3PO4 |
| Lithiotantite | — | 7.00 | LiTa3O8 |
| Lithiowodginite | — | 7.50 | LiTa3O8 |
| Londonite | — | 3.34 | CsBe5Al4B11O28 |
| Luanshiweiite | — | 2.87 | KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2 |
| Lunijianlaite | — | 2.75 | Li0.7Al6.2(Si7Al)20(OH,O)10 |
| Magnesioneptunite | — | 3.15 | KNa2LiMg2Ti2Si8O24 |
| Magnesiostaurolite | — | 3.54 | Mg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4 |
| Manandonite | — | 2.89 | Li2Al4(Si2AlB)O10(OH)8 |
| Mangani-dellaventuraite | — | 3.18 | NaNa2(MgMn3+2LiTi4+)Si8O22O2 |
| Manganoneptunite | — | 3.23 | KNa2LiMn2+2Ti2Si8O24 |
| Masutomilite | — | 2.94 | KLiAlMn2+(Si3Al)O10(F,OH)2 |
| Mccrillisite | — | 3.12 | NaCs(Be,Li)Zr2(PO4)4·1-2H2O |
| Montebrasite | — | 3.03 | LiAlPO4(OH) |
| Nalipoite | — | 2.58 | NaLi2PO4 |
| Nalivkinite | — | 3.29 | Li2NaFe2+7Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4F |
| Nambulite | — | 3.51 | LiMn2+4Si5O14(OH) |
| Nanlingite | — | 3.93 | NaCa5LiMg12(AsO3)2[Fe2+(AsO3)6]F14 |
| Nanpingite | — | 3.11 | CsAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
| Natromontebrasite | — | 3.04 | NaAlPO4(OH) |
| Natronambulite | — | 3.51 | NaMn2+4Si5O14(OH) |
| Neptunite | — | 3.23 | KNa2LiFe2+2Ti2Si8O24 |
| Norrishite | — | 3.26 | KLiMn3+2Si4O12 |
| Okanoganite-(Y) | — | 4.35 | (Y,REE,Ca,Na,Th)16(Fe3+,Ti)(Si,B,P)10(O,OH)38F10 |
| Olympite | — | 2.80 | LiNa5(PO4)2 |
| Orlovite | — | 2.01 | KLi2TiSi4O10(OF) |
| Ottoliniite | — | 0.00 | NaLi(Mg3Fe3+Al)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Oxo-mangani-leakeite | — | 3.25 | NaNa2(Mn3+4Li)Si8O22O2 |
| Pahasapaite | — | 2.28 | Li8(Ca,Li,K)10.5Be24(PO4)24·38H2O |
| Palermoite | — | 3.22 | Li2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| Peatite-(Y) | — | 3.62 | LiNa3(Y,Na,Ca,HREE)3(PO4)3(CO3)(F,OH)2 |
| Pedrizite | — | 0.00 | Li2(Li,Mg,Fe2+,Al)5(Si,Al)8O22(OH)2 |
| Petalite | — | 2.39 | LiAlSi4O10 |
| Pezzottaite | — | 2.97 | CsLiBe2Al2Si6O18 |
| Piergorite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | Ca8Ce2AlLiSi6B8O36(OH)2 |
| Polylithionite | — | 2.58 | KLi2AlSi4O10F2 |
| Potassic-ferri-leakeite | — | 3.18 | KNa2Mg2Fe3+2LiSi8O22(OH)2 |
| Potassic-mangani-leakeite | — | 0.00 | KNa2(Mg2Mn3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Potassiccarpholite | — | 3.08 | K(Mn2+,Li)2Al4Si4O12(OH,F)8 |
| Punkaruaivite | — | 2.55 | LiTi2Si4O11(OH)3·H2O |
| Ramikite-(Y) | — | 3.60 | Li2Na6(Y,Ca,REE)3Zr3(PO4)6(CO3)2O2(OH,F)2 |
| Rankamaite | — | 5.50 | (Na,K,Pb)(Ta,Nb,Al)4(O,OH)10 |
| Rossmanite | — | 3.00 | (LiAl2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH |
| Rubellite | — | 3.06 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 |
| Saliotite | — | 2.75 | (Li,Na)Al3(Si3Al)O10(OH)5 |
| Sazhinite-(La) | — | 0.00 | Na3LaSi6O15·2H2O |
| Sicklerite | — | 3.40 | LiMn2+PO4 |
| Silinaite | — | 2.24 | NaLiSi2O5·2H2O |
| Simferite | — | 3.22 | Li(Mg,Fe3+,Mn3+)2(PO4)2 |
| Simmonsite | — | 3.05 | Na2LiAlF6 |
| Sodic-ferri-clinoferroholmquistite | — | 0.00 | Na0.5Li2Fe2+3Fe3+2Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Sodic-ferripedrizite | — | 3.15 | LiNa2(Fe3+2Mg2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Sodic-ferropedrizite | — | 0.00 | NaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Sodicpedrizite | — | 0.00 | NaLi2(Mg2Fe3+AlLi)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Sogdianite | — | 2.90 | KZr2(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Sokolovaite | — | 0.00 | CsLi2AlSi4O10F2 |
| Spodumene | — | 0.00 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Staurotide | — | 3.65 | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| Sugilite | — | 2.74 | KNa2Fe3+2(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Swinefordite | — | 2.30 | Ca0.2(Li,Al,Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH,F)2·nH2O |
| Tainiolite | — | 2.90 | KLiMg2Si4O10F2 |
| Tancoite | — | 2.75 | HLiNa2[Al(PO4)2(OH)] |
| Tanohataite | — | 3.33 | LiMn2+2Si3O8(OH) |
| Tavorite | — | 3.29 | LiFe3+PO4(OH) |
| Tiptopite | — | 2.65 | K2(Li,Na,Ca)6(Be6P6)O24(OH)2·1.3H2O |
| Toermalijn | — | 3.20 | NaFe2+3 Al6 ((OH)4 (BO3)3 Si6O18) |
| Trilithionite | — | 0.00 | KLi1.5Al1.5(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| Triphylite | — | 3.40 | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Virgilite | — | 2.46 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Voloshinite | — | 0.00 | Rb(LiAl1.50.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2 |
| Walkerite | — | 2.07 | Ca16(Mg,Li)2[B13O17(OH)12]4Cl6·28H2O |
| Watatsumiite | — | 0.00 | KNa2LiMn2V2Si8O24 |
| Wilancookite | — | 0.00 | Ba8(Ba3Li2)Be24P24O96·32H2O |
| Zabuyelite | — | 2.09 | Li2CO3 |
| Zektzerite | — | 2.79 | NaLiZrSi6O15 |
| Zincostaurolite | — | 3.78 | Zn2Al9Si4O23(OH) |