lantaan — La
Het chemische element lantaan is een element van het type Metalen lanthaniden met symbool La. Het heeft een atoommassa van 138.90547 u en een elektronenconfiguratie [Xe] 5d1 6s2.
Synthétique
Radioactif
Liquide
Gaz
920°
3454°
3454°
138.90547
57
2
3
3
La
2
8
18
18
9
2
8
18
18
9
2
[Xe] 5d1 6s2
1.1
5.5769
Diagram van elektronenconfiguratie
kenmerken
- Atoomnummer
- 57
- Atoommassa
- 138.90547
- Symbool
- La
- Smeltpunt
- 920
- Kookpunt
- 3454
- Dichtheid
- 6.145
- Periode
- 6
- Groep
- 3
- Ontdekking
- 1839 Mosander
- Overvloed
- 39
- Straal
- 2.7
- Elektronegativiteit
- 1.1
- Ionisatie
- 5.5769
- Isotoop
- 19
- Elektronenconfiguratie
- [Xe] 5d1 6s2
- Oxidatietoestand
- 2,3
- Elektron
- 2,8,18,18,9,2
Lanthaan is een chemisch element, waarvan het symbool La is en het atoomnummer 57. De naam komt van het oude Griekse lanthaan, wat betekent "onzichtbaar blijft".
Lanthaan is een overgangsmetaal, dat in groep 3 van de overgangsmetalen van het periodiek systeem zit. Het is een geelbruin metaal, zeer ductiel en kneedbaar, met een gemiddelde dichtheid van 6,162 g/cm3. Het is stabiel in lucht bij kamertemperatuur en corrodeert langzaam in water en zuur.
Lanthaan heeft zwakke magnetische eigenschappen en bindt zich slechts met één ander element, scandium. Het vormt een verscheidenheid aan verbindingen, waaronder de meest voorkomende sulfiden, zouten en oxiden. Het wordt veel gebruikt in beschermende kleding, glas en brandwerende materialen. Het wordt ook gebruikt in metaallegeringen, motoren, elektronische apparaten, lasers, hitteschilden en lichtreflectoren.
Lanthaan is een van de zeldzaamste en duurste elementen in het periodiek systeem. De meeste industriële toepassingen vereisen een puur metaal, omdat de aanwezigheid van onzuiverheden de eigenschappen en duurzaamheid kan beïnvloeden.
Mineralen die lantaan bevatten
| voornaam | Hardheid | Dichtheid | Chemische formule |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agardite-(Ce) | — | 3.72 | Cu2+6Ce(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Agardite-(La) | — | 3.72 | Cu2+6La(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Agardite-(Nd) | — | 3.72 | Cu2+6Nd(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Allanite-(La) | — | 3.93 | CaLaAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Aluminocerite-(Ce) | — | 4.68 | (Ce,Ca)9Al(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| Ancylite-(La) | — | 3.88 | LaSr(CO3)2(OH)·H2O |
| Arapovite | — | 3.43 | (K1-xx)(Ca,Na)2U4+Si8O20 (x~0.5) |
| Arisite-(La) | — | 4.07 | NaLa2(CO3)2[(CO3)1-xF2x]F |
| Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) | — | 4.10 | CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| Arsenoflorencite-(La) | — | 4.10 | LaAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| Arsenoflorencite-(Nd) | — | 4.05 | NdAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| Astrocyanite-(Ce) | — | 3.80 | Cu2Ce2(UO2)(CO3)5(OH)2·1.5H2O |
| Bario-olgite | — | 4.00 | Na(Na,Sr,Ce)2Ba(PO4)2 |
| Bastnäsite-(La) | — | 4.95 | LaCO3F |
| Belovite-(La) | — | 4.19 | NaLaSr3(PO4)3F |
| Biraite-(Ce) | — | 4.76 | Ce2Fe2+Si2O7(CO3) |
| Braitschite-(Ce) | — | 2.90 | Ca6.15Na0.85Ce2[B6O7(OH)3(O,OH)3]4·H2O |
| Britholite-(Ce) | — | 4.20 | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| Bussyite-(Ce) | — | 3.00 | (Na,H2O)6(Ce,REE)3Be5MnSi9(O,OH)30F4 |
| Byelorussite-(Ce) | — | 3.92 | NaBa2Ce2Mn2+Ti2Si8O26(F,OH)·H2O |
| Calcioburbankite | — | 3.45 | Na3(Ca,Ce,Sr,La)3(CO3)5 |
| Calciopetersite | — | 3.33 | Cu2+6Ca(PO4)2(PO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O |
| Calkinsite-(Ce) | — | 3.27 | Ce2(CO3)3·4H2O |
| Carbocernaite | — | 3.53 | (Sr,Ce,La)(Ca,Na)(CO3)2 |
| Carbokentbrooksite | — | 3.14 | (Na)12(Na,Ce)3Ca6Mn3Zr3NbSi25O73(OH)3(CO3)·H2O |
| Cerite-(Ce) | — | 4.86 | (Ce,La,Ca)9(Mg,Fe3+)(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| Cerite-(La) | — | 4.70 | (La,Ce,Ca)9(Fe3+,Ca,Mg)(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| Cervandonite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,Al)3O2(Si2O7)1-x+y(AsO3)1+x-y(OH)3x-3y, x=0.5, y=0.3 |
| Chernovite-(Y) | — | 4.87 | YAsO4 |
| Chevkinite-(Ce) | — | 4.50 | Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2 |
| Christofschäferite-(Ce) | — | 4.00 | (Ce,La,Ca)4Mn(Ti,Fe)3(Fe,Ti)(Si2O7)2O8 |
| Chukhrovite-(Nd) | — | 2.42 | Ca3NdAl2SO4F13·12H2O |
| Cordylite-(Ce) | — | 4.44 | (Na,Ca)BaCe2(CO3)4(F,O) |
| Cordylite-(La) | — | 4.33 | NaCaBa2La3Sr(CO3)8F2 |
| Coskrenite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | Ce2(SO4)2(C2O4)·8H2O |
| Crichtonite | — | 4.46 | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| Daqingshanite-(Ce) | — | 3.81 | Sr3CePO4(CO3)3 |
| Davidite-(Ce) | — | 4.42 | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Davidite-(La) | — | 4.42 | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Decrespignyite-(Y) | — | 3.64 | Y4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5·2H2O |
| Dingdaohengite-(Ce) | — | 4.83 | (Ce3+,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)2Ti2Si4O22 |
| Dissakisite-(La) | — | 3.79 | CaLaMgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Diversilite-(Ce) | — | 3.68 | Na2Ba6Ce2Fe2+Ti3Si12O36(OH)10·nH2O |
| Dyrnaesite-(La) | — | 3.68 | Na8Ce4+(La,REE)2(PO4)6 |
| Feklichevite | — | 2.87 | Na11Ca9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Zr3Nb(Si25O73)(OH,H2O,Cl,O)5 |
| Fergusonite-(Ce) | — | 5.48 | CeNbO4·0.3H2O |
| Ferriakasakaite-(La) | — | 0.00 | CaLaFe3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ferriallanite-(La) | — | 4.21 | CaLaFe3+AlFe2+(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Ferriandrosite-(La) | — | 0.00 | MnLaFe3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ferronordite-(La) | — | 3.54 | Na3SrLaFe2+Si6O17 |
| Florencite-(La) | — | 3.52 | LaAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fluocerite-(Ce) | — | 6.13 | CeF3 |
| Fluocerite-(La) | — | 5.93 | LaF3 |
| Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | — | 4.66 | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| Fluorcalciobritholite | — | 4.20 | (Ca,REE)5(SiO4,PO4)3F |
| Gadolinite-(Ce) | — | 4.20 | Fe2+Be2Ce2(SiO4)2O2 |
| Galgenbergite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | CaCe2(CO3)4·H2O |
| Gatelite-(Ce) | — | 4.51 | (Ca,Ce)4(Al,Mg,Fe)4(Si2O7)(SiO4)3(O,F,OH)3 |
| Golyshevite | — | 2.89 | Na10Ca9Zr3Fe2SiNb(Si3O9)2(Si9O27)2(OH)3(CO3)·H2O |
| Gramaccioliite-(Y) | — | 4.66 | (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| Graulichite-(Ce) | — | 3.90 | CeFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| Gysinite-(Nd) | — | 4.82 | PbNd(CO3)2(OH)·H2O |
| Håleniusite-(La) | — | 6.50 | LaOF |
| Hibonite | — | 3.84 | (Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O19 |
| Hingganite-(Ce) | — | 4.28 | BeCe(SiO4)(OH) |
| Hingganite-(Y) | — | 0.00 | BeY(SiO4)(OH) |
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | — | 4.70 | LaCO3(OH) |
| Ikranite | — | 2.82 | (Na,H3O)15(Ca,Mn,REE)6Fe3+2Zr3Si24O66(O,OH)6Cl·nH2O |
| Ilímaussite-(Ce) | — | 3.60 | (Ba,Na)10K3Na4.5Ce5(Nb,Ti)6O6(Si12O36)(Si9O18)(O,OH)24 |
| Ilmajokite | — | 2.20 | (Na,Ce,Ba)10Ti5Si14O22(OH)44·nH2O |
| Iraqite-(La) | — | 3.27 | KCa4(La,Ce,Th)2Si16O40 |
| Isolueshite | — | 4.72 | NaNbO3 |
| Johnsenite-(Ce) | — | 3.20 | Na12Ce3Ca6Mn3Zr3WSi25O73(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Karnasurtite-(Ce) | — | 2.89 | CeTiAlSi2O7(OH)4·3H2O |
| Kochite | — | 3.32 | Na(Na,Ca)2Ca2(Mn,Ca)ZrTi(Si2O7)2(F,O)4 |
| Kozoite-(La) | — | 4.16 | LaCO3(OH) |
| Kozoite-(Nd) | — | 4.77 | NdCO3(OH) |
| Kuannersuite-(Ce) | — | 4.66 | Na2Ce2Ba6(PO4)6FCl |
| Kukharenkoite-(La) | — | 4.65 | Ba2La(CO3)3F |
| Lakargiite | — | 4.59 | CaZrO3 |
| Lanthanite-(Ce) | — | 2.76 | Ce2(CO3)3·8H2O |
| Lanthanite-(La) | — | 2.61 | La2(CO3)3·8H2O |
| Lanthanite-(Nd) | — | 2.81 | Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O |
| Levinsonite-(Y) | — | 2.18 | YAl(SO4)2(C2O4)·12H2O |
| Loparite-(Ce) | — | 4.77 | (Na,Ce,Sr)(Ce,Th)(Ti,Nb)2O6 |
| Loveringite | — | 4.41 | (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 |
| Manganiandrosite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | Mn2+Ce3+AlMn3+Mn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Manganiandrosite-(La) | — | 4.21 | LaMn2+2Mn3+Al(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Melanocerite-(Ce) | — | 4.13 | Ce5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O) |
| Menezesite | — | 4.18 | Ba3MgZr4Nb12O42·12H2O |
| Mogovidite | — | 2.90 | Na9(Ca,Na)12Fe2Zr3Si25O72(CO3)(OH)4 |
| Monazite-(Ce) | — | 4.80 | CePO4 |
| Monazite-(La) | — | 4.80 | LaPO4 |
| Monazite-(Nd) | — | 4.80 | NdPO4 |
| Nacareniobsite-(Ce) | — | 3.45 | Na3Ca3CeNb(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| Nordite-(Ce) | — | 6.43 | Na3SrCeZnSi6O17 |
| Nordite-(La) | — | 3.43 | Na3SrLaZnSi6O17 |
| Orthojoaquinite-(La) | — | 4.10 | NaBa2La2Fe2+Ti2Si8O26(OH,O,F)·H2O |
| Paratooite-(La) | — | 0.00 | (La,Ca,Na,Sr)6Cu(CO3)8 |
| Parisite-(Ce) | — | 4.36 | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| Parisite-(La) | — | 0.00 | CaLa2(CO3)3F2 |
| Parisite-(Nd) | — | 4.20 | CaNd2(CO3)3F2 |
| Peprossiite-(Ce) | — | 3.45 | (Ce,La)(Al3O)2/3B4O10 |
| Percleveite-(Ce) | — | 5.21 | Ce2Si2O7 |
| Perrierite-(Ce) | — | 4.29 | Ce4MgFe3+2Ti4+2O8(Si2O7)2 |
| Perrierite-(La) | — | 0.00 | (La,Ce,Ca)4(Fe2+,Mn)(Ti,Fe3+,Al)4(Si2O7)2O8 |
| Petersenite-(Ce) | — | 3.69 | Na4Ce2(CO3)5 |
| Piergorite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | Ca8Ce2AlLiSi6B8O36(OH)2 |
| Plumboagardite | — | 3.74 | Cu2+6(Pb,La,Nd,Ce,Ca)(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O |
| Polyakovite-(Ce) | — | 4.75 | (Ce,Ca)4MgCr2(Ti,Nb)2Si4O22 |
| Qaqarssukite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | BaCe(CO3)2F |
| Rémondite-(Ce) | — | 3.43 | Na3(Ce,La,Ca,Na,Sr)3(CO3)5 |
| Rémondite-(La) | — | 3.50 | Na3(La,Ce,Ca)3(CO3)5 |
| Retzian-(La) | — | 4.49 | Mn2+2LaAsO4(OH)4 |
| Retzian-(Nd) | — | 4.45 | Mn2+2Nd(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| Rhabdophane-(Ce) | — | 4.00 | CePO4·H2O |
| Rhabdophane-(La) | — | 3.94 | LaPO4·H2O |
| Rhabdophane-(Nd) | — | 4.00 | NdPO4·H2O |
| Röntgenite-(Ce) | — | 4.19 | Ca2Ce3(CO3)5F3 |
| Samarskite-(Yb) | — | 7.03 | YbNbO4 |
| Sazhinite-(La) | — | 0.00 | Na3LaSi6O15·2H2O |
| Stavelotite-(La) | — | 4.49 | La3Mn2+3Cu2+(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30 |
| Stillwellite-(Ce) | — | 4.57 | CeBSiO5 |
| Strontiochevkinite | — | 5.44 | (Sr,Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr)4O8(Si2O7)2 |
| Törnebohmite-(Ce) | — | 4.90 | Ce2Al(SiO4)2(OH) |
| Törnebohmite-(La) | — | 4.94 | La2Al(SiO4)2(OH) |
| Tritomite-(Ce) | — | 4.20 | Ce5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O) |
| Tritomite-(Y) | — | 3.05 | Y5(SiO4,BO4)3(O,OH,F) |
| Tundrite-(Ce) | — | 4.08 | Na2Ce2TiO2SiO4(CO3)2 |
| Tundrite-(Nd) | — | 3.70 | Na2Nd2TiO2(SiO4)(CO3)2 |
| Uedaite-(Ce) | — | 4.19 | Mn2+CeAl2Fe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Vanadoallanite-(La) | — | 0.00 | CaLa3+V3+AlFe2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | Mn2+CeV3+AlMn2+O(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH) |
| Västmanlandite-(Ce) | — | 4.51 | Ce3CaMg2Al2Si5O19(OH)2F |
| Vicanite-(Ce) | — | 4.73 | (Ca,Ce,La,Th)15As5+(As3+,Na)0.5Fe3+0.7Si6B4(O,F)47 |
| Vitusite-(Ce) | — | 3.60 | Na3Ce(PO4)2 |
| Voronkovite | — | 2.97 | Na15(Na,Ca,Ce)3(Mn,Ca)3Fe3Zr3Si26O72(OH,O)4Cl·H2O |
| Wakefieldite-(La) | — | 4.70 | LaVO4 |
| Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) | — | 4.20 | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| Zugshunstite-(Ce) | — | 0.00 | CeAl(SO4)2(C2O4)·12H2O |